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When you hear about Linux, it is quite possible that you heard the name Linux somehow associated with Red Hat Linux. That is for a good reason. Red Hat began in 1994 and has become the largest and most recognized company dedicated to open source. The company now has more than 500 employees and 15 locations worldwide. Red Hat is headquartered in Durham, North Carolina.

Not only is Red Hat known for their Linux systems, Red Hat is also involved in a variety of business ventures that complement their Linux activities. In addition to Red Hat 7.2 and Red Hat Linux Professional, the company also offers a variety of other operating systems and services for many different platforms. These include Red Hat Linux systems for Intel's Itanium, Red Hat Alpha Deluxe, a complete solution for the Alpha processor, commercial application bundles for Oracle 8I, IBM's DB2, Domino, WebSphere, and IBM's Small Business Suite.

Red Hat produces their own database software, based on PostgreSQL, in addition to the freely available database software and commercial database offerings. Red Hat also offers several Electronic Commerce Business solutions, including an E-Commerce Suite, a Stronghold Secure Web Server, CCVS Credit Card Validation, and Interchange Documentation Set.

Red Hat has also diversified into embedded operating systems, and now offers Embedded Linux Developer Suite, eCos, EL/IX, RedBoot, and μClinux Open Source Technologies.

In addition to the wide range of software products, Red Hat also offers a subscription service called the Red Hat Network, which provides a convenient way to keep your system up to date with the latest software and security updates.

Key features of Red Hat 7.2 include USB support, Nautilus file manager, the GNOME and KDE desktop environments, and complete Web, file, mail, name, ftp, and print servers. Red Hat offers a rich software development environment, including C, C++, and Java along with Python, Perl, and PHP interpreters. Also included are a variety of office applications, including Sun StarOffice 5.2. Of particular interest for corporate implementation are the addition of the 2.4.7 Linux kernel, which increases scalability, and network configuration, user management, and hardware viewing tools for infrastructure and development. Those who like games may appreciate the inclusion of the Loki game demo CD with the $59.95 boxed set.

The Red Hat 7.2 release also includes Linux 2.4 kernel enhancements, the ext3 journaling file system, and increased device support. (The importance of increased device support cannot be overemphasized. Device support is a chronic problem for all Linux systems. Though support continues to improve, I had difficulty installing Red Hat Linux on a recent-vintage Compaq Presario desktop system. The new device support had difficulty correctly locating a Compaq Internet keyboard--more on that later).

One of the recent features that deserves particular emphasis is the addition of the journaling file system. The introduction discussed the importance of a file system. All information that is permanently stored is contained on a file system. That includes diskettes, CDs, and hard disks. Once a system is installed and configured, most of the stored information is accessed from file systems contained on the hard disk. A journaling file system helps to ensure the integrity of the information on the disk. It does this by keeping a record of what gets changed, and keeps track of each change. If a problem occurs, the journal has a mechanism to quickly recover any information it has managed to record. Any information not recorded in the journal gets removed from the system.

Database systems have used journaling mechanisms for years. But now that the size of even an inexpensive disk is measured in gigabytes, it is no longer efficient or effective to use the same methods previously used to ensure the accuracy of information stored. The ext3 file system used by Red Hat Linux 7.2 uses a format similar to the original Linux file system format, ext2. The main difference is that ext3 now includes the integrity of the file system journal. See our sidebar on the new file systems.

How well does it work? The performance of ext2 and ext3 appear to be very similar. That is – until it is time to check the file system to make sure that the data integrity is correct. At that time, the advantages of ext3 over the previous default file system, ext2, become apparent. When the system boots, a file system check is performed. If the system has been abruptly halted, such as when power is turned off, the ext2 file system takes a considerable length of time to verify and correct the integrity of the file system. This is particularly true if you have several large disks – something you would find on a business system. With ext3, the system determines which files have been correctly journalized, and corrects any discrepancies, saving long recovery times.

Like Mandrake 8.1, Red Hat comes with a comprehensive installation guide. If you do not purchase the $59.95 shrink-wrapped version, that's not a problem. Red Hat recognizes that not everyone purchases their software in stores, so they have made their installation instructions freely available at the Web site.

To install Red Hat Linux 7.2, simply insert the installation CD into your CD drive and boot or reboot your system. If you want to run Linux on a system already containing another operating system, it is a good idea to thoroughly read the manual. If that's the case, be sure to back up any information you want to save. It is possible to "Dual Boot" Red Hat Linux with Windows, Solaris, or even another Linux operating system. If that's what you want to do, then you want to carefully read the section Appendix G. Configuring a Dual-Boot System.

Red Hat 7.2 can assist you with your configuration, but you will need to do some work up front. If you are using Windows, you will want to do one of three things: Reinstall Windows, and during the reinstallation, create multiple disk partitions (one of which you should save for Linux). Then restore any information that you've saved. Purchase a commercial disk partitioning tool, such as Partition Magic, Partition Commander, or use one of the freely available disk partitioning tools. Use the 'fips' tool provided on the Red Hat CD. Details of how to use this are described in the Red Hat documentation (and on the CD itself). This option is not for the faint-hearted, nor is it to be used on any system that has not been adequately backed up.

NOTE: All of these options have been successfully used, and we have had experiences (and catastrophes) using these approaches. The importance of saving important files cannot be over emphasized! The easiest option, if you're willing to make the expenditure, is to acquire one of the commercial partition handling tools. We have surveyed many resources and find many people who praise the effectiveness of using Partition Magic, including several authors of Linux beginner textbooks. There is a column in the December issue of Linux Magazine, written by Bill McCarty, called "Newbies". This article explores the use of various partitioning schemes. Bill, like many others, recommends using Partition Magic, not because he owns stock, and not because it is the only alternative, but because it is an easy and safe solution. I agree with Bill on this.

The following illustration comes from the Red Hat installation guide. It shows the install options Red Hat 7.2 offers. If you choose one of the types, Red Hat will install software that is appropriate for that type. Alternatively, if you prefer to make your own choices, then Red Hat allows you to select the precise software you want to install. Finally, Red Hat permits you to upgrade your system from a previous release.

If you have a disk that already has multiple partitions, letting the Red Hat Linux installer automatically partition for you might be a viable alternative. Otherwise, these options don't make any sense, and probably won't appear.

The examples included below are taken from the documentation provided in the HTML version of the manual. Once the CD is loaded, the first thing you are asked to do is to make a language selection as shown below :

Following the language selection, the keyboard selection is shown. The Red Hat 7.2 installation procedure no longer recognizes the Compaq Presario Internet keyboard, even after multiple attempts. Installing the same software on a 1999-vintage CyberMax laptop computer finds all devices, including the keyboard, without any problems.